Skip to Content

Changes for page Networks

Last modified by Zenna Elfen on 2026/01/05 21:51
From version 50.1
edited by Zenna Elfen
on 2026/01/05 20:18
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 13.1
edited by Zenna Elfen
on 2025/11/24 11:47
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

Details

Page properties
Content
... ... @@ -1,173 +1,82 @@
1 -
2 -
1 +(% class="box" %)
3 3  (((
4 -== 15 Building Blocks of P4P Networks ==
3 +This page contains an overview of all P4P Networks in this wiki and their building blocks.
5 5  
6 -To fully assemble a P4P network one needs a few different building blocks, below is an overview of 15 of those building blocks.
5 +You can also [[add a P4P Network>>doc:Projects.WebHome]] or have a look at the [[P4P Applications>>doc:P4P.Applications.WebHome]].
7 7  )))
8 8  
9 9  
10 10  
11 11  
12 -(% class="row" %)
11 +
12 +
13 +
14 +
15 +== Building Blocks of P4P Networks ==
16 +
17 +
18 +(% class="box" %)
13 13  (((
14 -(% class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8" %)
15 -(((
16 -
20 +Lost in translation? Take a look at the [[terminology>>doc:P4P.Definitions.WebHome]].
21 +)))
17 17  
18 -==== **1. Data Synchronization** ====
23 +To fully assemble a P4P network one needs a few different building blocks. The following is an overview of the building blocks needed for P4P networks.
19 19  
25 +
26 +##### 9. **Data Synchronization**
27 +
20 20  > Synchronization answers **how updates flow between peers** and how they determine what data to exchange. This layer is about **diffing, reconciliation, order, causality tracking, and efficient exchange**, not persistence or user-facing collaboration semantics.
21 21  
22 -* //How do peers detect differences and synchronize state?//
23 -* Examples: Range-Based Set Reconciliation, RIBLT, Gossip-based sync, State-based vs op-based sync, Lamport/Vector/HLC clocks, Braid Protocol
30 +- _How do peers detect differences and synchronize state?_
31 +- Examples: Range-Based Set Reconciliation, RIBLT, Gossip-based sync, State-based vs op-based sync, Lamport/Vector/HLC clocks, Braid Protocol
24 24  
33 +*Relevant links or documentation:*
25 25  
26 26  
27 -==== **2. Collaborative Data Structures & Conflict Resolution** ====
36 +##### 10. **Collaborative Data Structures & Conflict Resolution**
28 28  
29 29  > This layer defines **how shared data evolves** when multiple peers edit concurrently. It focuses on **conflict-free merging, causality, and consistency of meaning**, not transport or storage. CRDTs ensure deterministic convergence, while event-sourced or stream-driven models maintain a history of all changes and derive consistent state from it.
30 30  
31 -* //How do peers collaboratively change shared data and merge conflicts?//
32 -* Examples: CRDTs (Yjs, Automerge), OT, Event Sourcing, Stream Processing, Version Vectors, Peritext
40 +- _How do peers collaboratively change shared data and merge conflicts?_
41 +- Examples: CRDTs (Yjs, Automerge), OT, Event Sourcing, Stream Processing, Version Vectors, Peritext
33 33  
43 +*Relevant links or documentation:*
34 34  
35 35  
36 -==== **3. Data Storage & Replication** ====
46 +##### 11. **Data Storage & Replication**
37 37  
38 38  > This layer focuses on **durability, consistency, and redundancy**. It handles write-paths, crash-resilience, and replication semantics across nodes. It is the “database/storage engine” layer where **data lives and survives over time**, independent of sync or merging logic.
39 39  
40 -* //How is data persisted locally and replicated between peers?//
41 -* Examples: SQLite, IndexedDB, LMDB, Hypercore (append-only logs), WALs, Merkle-DAGs (IPFS/IPLD), Blob/media storage
50 +- _How is data persisted locally and replicated between peers?_
51 +- Examples: SQLite, IndexedDB, LMDB, Hypercore (append-only logs), WALs, Merkle-DAGs (IPFS/IPLD), Blob/media storage
42 42  
53 +*Relevant links or documentation:*
43 43  
55 +##### 12. **Peer & Content Discovery**
44 44  
45 -==== **4. Peer & Content Discovery** ====
46 -
47 47  > Discovery occurs in two phases:
48 48  > 1. **Peer Discovery** → finding _any_ nodes
49 49  > 2. **Topic Discovery** → finding _relevant_ nodes or resources
50 50  > These mechanisms enable decentralized bootstrapping and interest-based overlays.
51 51  
52 -* //How do peers find each other, and how do they discover content in the network?//
53 -* Examples: DHTs (Kademlia, Pastry), mDNS, DNS-SD, Bluetooth scanning, QR bootstrapping, static peer lists, Interest-based routing, PubSub discovery (libp2p), Rendezvous protocols
54 54  
63 +- _How do peers find each other, and how do they discover content in the network?_
64 +- Examples: DHTs (Kademlia, Pastry), mDNS, DNS-SD, Bluetooth scanning, QR bootstrapping, static peer lists, Interest-based routing, PubSub discovery (libp2p), Rendezvous protocols
55 55  
66 +*Relevant links or documentation:*
56 56  
57 -==== **5. Identity & Trust** ====
68 +##### 13. **Identity & Trust**
58 58  
59 59  > Identity systems ensure reliable mapping between peers and cryptographic keys. They underpin authorization, federated trust, and secure overlays.
60 60  
61 -* //How peers identify themselves, authenticate, and establish trustworthy relationships?//
62 -* Examples: PKI, Distributed Identities (DIDs), Web-of-Trust, TOFU (SSH-style), Verifiable Credentials (VCs), Peer key fingerprints (libp2p PeerIDs), Key transparency logs
72 +- _How peers identify themselves, authenticate, and establish trustworthy relationships?_
73 +- Examples: PKI, Distributed Identities (DIDs), Web-of-Trust, TOFU (SSH-style), Verifiable Credentials (VCs), Peer key fingerprints (libp2p PeerIDs), Key transparency logs
63 63  
64 64  
65 65  
66 -==== **6. Transport Layer** ====
67 67  
68 -> This layer provides logical connections and flow control. QUIC and WebRTC bring modern congestion control and encryption defaults; Interpeer explores transport beyond IP assumptions.
69 69  
70 -* //How do peers establish end-to-end byte streams and reliable delivery?//
71 -* Examples: TCP, UDP, QUIC, SCTP, WebRTC DataChannels, Interpeer transport stack
72 72  
73 -
74 -
75 -==== **7. Underlying Transport (Physical/Link Layer)** ====
76 -
77 -> Highly relevant for **offline-first / edge networks**, device-to-device communication, and mesh networks and relates to the hardware which facilitates connections.
78 -
79 -* //How does data move across the medium?//
80 -* Examples: Ethernet, Wi-Fi Direct / Wi-Fi Aware (post-AWDL), Bluetooth Mesh, LoRa, NFC, Cellular, CSMA/CA, TDMA, FHSS
81 -
82 -
83 -
84 -==== **8. Session & Connection Management** ====
85 -
86 -> Manages **connection lifecycle**, including authentication handshakes, reconnection after drops, and session continuation—especially important in lossy or mobile networks.
87 -
88 -* //How are connections initiated, authenticated, resumed, and kept alive?//
89 -* Examples: TLS handshake semantics, Noise IK/XX patterns, session tokens, keep-alive heartbeats, reconnection strategies, session resumption tickets
90 -
91 -
92 -
93 -==== **9. Content Addressing** ====
94 -
95 -> Content addressing ensures **immutability, verifiability, and deduplication**. Identity of data = cryptographic hash, enabling offline-first and tamper-evident systems.
96 -
97 -* //How is data addressed and verified by content, not location?//
98 -* Examples: IPFS CIDs, BitTorrent infohashes, Git hashes, SHA-256 addressing, Named Data Networking (NDN)
99 -
100 -
101 -
102 -==== **10. P2P Connectivity** ====
103 -
104 -> Connectivity ensures peers bypass NATs/firewalls to reach each other. 
105 -
106 -* //How can two peers connect directly across networks, firewalls, and NATs?//
107 -* Examples: IPv6 direct, NAT Traversal, STUN, TURN, ICE (used in WebRTC), UDP hole punching, UPnP
108 -
109 -
110 -
111 -==== **11. Session & Connection Management** ====
112 -
113 -> Manages **connection lifecycle**, including authentication handshakes, reconnection after drops, and session continuation.
114 -
115 -* //How are connections initiated, authenticated, resumed, and kept alive?//
116 -* Examples: TLS handshake semantics, Noise IK/XX patterns, session tokens, keep-alive heartbeats, reconnection strategies, session resumption tickets
117 -
118 -
119 -
120 -==== **12. Message Format & Serialization** ====
121 -
122 -> Serialization ensures **portable data representation**, forward-compatible schemas, and efficient messaging. IPLD provides content-addressed structuring for P2P graph data.
123 -
124 -* //How is data encoded, structured, and made interoperable between peers?//
125 -* Examples: CBOR, Protocol Buffers, Cap’n Proto, JSON, ASN.1, IPLD schemas, Flatbuffers
126 -
127 -
128 -
129 -==== **13. File / Blob Synchronization** ====
130 -
131 -> Bulk data syncing has **different trade-offs** than small collaborative state (chunking, deduplication, partial transfer, resume logic). Critical for media and archival P2P use-cases.
132 -
133 -//How are large objects transferred and deduplicated efficiently across peers?//
134 -Examples: BitTorrent chunking, IPFS block-store, NDN segments, rsync-style delta sync, ZFS send-receive, streaming blob transfers
135 -
136 -
137 -==== **14. Local Storage & Processing Primitives** ====
138 -
139 -> Provides durable on-device state and local computation (event sourcing, materialization, compaction). Enables offline-first writes and deterministic replay.
140 -
141 -* //How do nodes persist, index, and process data locally—without external servers?//
142 -* Examples: RocksDB, LevelDB, SQLite, LMDB, local WALs/append-only logs, embedded stream processors (NATS Core JetStream mode, Actyx-like edge runtimes), Kafka-like libraries
143 -
144 -
145 -
146 -==== **15. Crash Resilience & Abortability** ====
147 -
148 -> Ensures P2P apps don’t corrupt state on crashes. Tied to **local storage & stream-processing**, and critical in offline-first and distributed update pipelines. Abortability is the updated term for Atomicity as part of the ACID abbreviation.
149 -
150 -* //How do nodes recover and maintain correctness under failure?//
151 -* Examples: WALs, idempotent ops, partial log replay, transactional journaling, write fences
152 -
153 -
154 -
155 -
156 -)))
157 -
158 -
159 -
160 -
161 -(% class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4" %)
162 -(((
163 -{{box title=" **Contents**"}}
164 -{{toc depth="5"/}}
165 -{{/box}}
166 -)))
167 -
168 -
169 -(% class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12" %)
170 -(((
171 171  == Distributed Network Types ==
172 172  
173 173  
... ... @@ -178,12 +178,3 @@
178 178  == Overview of P4P Networks ==
179 179  
180 180  {{include reference="Projects.WebHome"/}}
181 -)))
182 -
183 -
184 -
185 -
186 -
187 -
188 -
189 -)))